光伏术语库 — 407 个专业术语中英对照

光伏与储能行业术语速查:设计、设备、电气、电网与计量、储能、财务投资、施工、运维、商务合同、标准规范——中英对照与通俗解释。

设计 55 条

水平面总辐照度(GHI)Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI)法向直接辐射(DNI)Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)散射水平辐照度(DHI)Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI)阵列面辐照度(POA)Plane-of-Array Irradiance (POA)反照率Albedo峰值日照时数(PSH)Peak Sun Hours (PSH)典型气象年(TMY)Typical Meteorological Year (TMY)大气质量(AM)Air Mass (AM)太阳辐照量Insolation太阳光谱Solar Spectrum光谱响应Spectral Response倾角Tilt Angle方位角Azimuth Angle最佳倾角Optimal Tilt Angle容配比DC/AC Ratio / Capacity Ratio组串配置String Sizing阵列间距Row Spacing阴影分析Shading Analysis年阴影损失Annual Shading Loss地面覆盖率(GCR)Ground Coverage Ratio (GCR)跟踪系统Tracking System单轴跟踪系统Single-Axis Tracker双轴跟踪系统Dual-Axis Tracker光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)光伏建筑附着(BAPV)Building-Attached Photovoltaics (BAPV)总辐射表Pyranometer直接辐射表Pyrheliometer日照时数Sunshine Duration晴空指数(Kt)Clearness Index太阳能资源评估Solar Resource Assessment卫星反演辐照Satellite-Derived Irradiance地面实测辐照Ground-Measured Irradiance测量-相关-预测(MCP)Measure-Correlate-Predict年际变化Interannual Variability烟霾影响Haze Effect太阳赤纬Solar Declination时差(EoT)Equation of Time至日Solstice分日Equinox真南(真北)True South (True North)竖向安装Portrait Orientation横向安装Landscape Orientation东西向排布East-West Layout装机密度Capacity Density (W/m2)屋顶覆盖率Roof Coverage Ratio双坡屋面Gable Roof锯齿屋面Sawtooth Roof平屋顶Flat Roof障碍物退让Obstacle Buffer检修通道Maintenance Walkway消防退距Fire Setback组件间隙Module Gap屋面分区(风载)Roof Wind Zoning地形跟随排布Terrain-Following Layout阵列行距Row Pitch

设备 80 条

光伏组件PV Module / Solar Panel太阳能电池Solar Cell组件功率(Pmax)Module Power (Pmax)组件效率Module Efficiency单晶硅(mono-Si)Monocrystalline Silicon多晶硅(multi-Si)Polycrystalline Silicon薄膜太阳能电池Thin-Film Solar Cell钝化发射极背面电池(PERC)Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC)隧穿氧化层钝化接触电池(TOPCon)Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon)异质结电池(HJT)Heterojunction Technology (HJT)交叉背接触电池(IBC)Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC)双面双玻组件Bifacial Module半片电池Half-Cut Cell多主栅(MBB)Multi-Busbar (MBB)N型电池N-Type CellP型电池P-Type Cell双玻组件Glass-Glass Module乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)背板Backsheet接线盒Junction Box旁路二极管Bypass Diode开路电压(Voc)Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc)短路电流(Isc)Short-Circuit Current (Isc)最大功率点电压(Vmp)Voltage at Maximum Power (Vmp)最大功率点电流(Imp)Current at Maximum Power (Imp)温度系数Temperature Coefficient额定工作温度(NOCT)Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT)标准测试条件(STC)Standard Test Conditions (STC)填充因子(FF)Fill Factor (FF)逆变器Inverter组串逆变器String Inverter集中式逆变器Central Inverter微型逆变器Microinverter混合逆变器Hybrid Inverter最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)功率优化器Power Optimizer储能变流器(PCS)Power Conversion System (PCS)逆变器容量Inverter Capacity逆变器效率Inverter Efficiency欧洲效率Euro Efficiency限发损耗Clipping / Curtailment Loss光伏支架Mounting Structure / Racking屋顶安装Roof-Mounting地面安装Ground-Mount压载Ballast汇流箱Combiner Box浪涌保护器(SPD)Surge Protection Device (SPD)电弧故障断路器(AFCI)Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI)快速关断装置(RSD)Rapid Shutdown Device (RSD)断路器Circuit BreakerMC4连接器(MC4)MC4 Connector升压变压器Step-Up Transformer双面率Bifaciality Factor组件尺寸Module Dimensions硅片尺寸(M10/G12)Wafer Size (M10/G12)无框组件Frameless Module组件边框Module Frame构网型逆变器(GFM)Grid-Forming Inverter跟随型逆变器(GFL)Grid-Grid-Following Inverter启动电压Start-up Voltage待机自耗电Standby (Night) Consumption无功控制Reactive Power Control频率穿越Frequency Ride-Through (FRT)逆变器冗余(N+1)Inverter Redundancy (N+1)组串监测String-Level Monitoring光伏专用电缆PV Cable (PV1-F)交联聚乙烯XLPE Insulation电缆桥架Cable Tray梯级桥架Cable Ladder导线管Conduit塑壳断路器(MCCB)Molded Case Circuit Breaker框架断路器(ACB)Air Circuit Breaker熔断器Fuse组串熔断器String Fuse (gPV)直流隔离开关DC Isolator中压块Mid Clamp边压块End Clamp导轨Mounting Rail防水底座Roof Flashing耐候密封胶Weather Sealant

投资财务 47 条

平准化度电成本(LCOE)Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)净现值(NPV)Net Present Value (NPV)内部收益率(IRR)Internal Rate of Return (IRR)投资回收期Payback Period资本性支出(CAPEX)Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)运营支出(OPEX)Operating Expenditure (OPEX)加权平均资本成本(WACC)Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)偿债备付率(DSCR)Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)投资回报率(ROI)Return on Investment (ROI)单位发电量Specific Yield (kWh/kWp)性能比(PR)Performance Ratio (PR)容量因子(CF)Capacity Factor (CF)P50发电量(中位数场景)(P50)P50 ExceedanceP90发电量(保守场景)(P90)P90 Exceedance每瓦安装成本($/W)Installed Cost per Watt ($/W)净计量电价(NEM)Net Energy Metering (NEM)上网电价补贴(FiT)Feed-in Tariff (FiT)购电协议(PPA)Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)可再生能源证书(REC)Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)碳信用Carbon Credit分时电价(TOU)Time-of-Use Rate (TOU)自发自用Self-Consumption平价上网Grid Parity标杆上网电价Benchmark On-Grid Price杠杆 IRRLevered (Equity) IRR全投资 IRRUnlevered (Project) IRR股本回收期Equity Payback折现系数Discount Factor自由现金流(FCF)Free Cash Flow终值Terminal Value残值Salvage Value敏感性分析Sensitivity Analysis情景分析Scenario Analysis蒙特卡洛模拟Monte-Carlo Simulation税盾Tax Shield直线折旧Straight-Line Depreciation折旧年限Depreciation Life电价结构Electricity Tariff Structure动态回收期Discounted Payback通胀递增Inflation Escalation衰减进财务Financial Treatment of Degradation美国加速折旧(MACRS)Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System投资税收抵免(ITC)Investment Tax Credit额外折旧Bonus Depreciation绿电交易Green Power Trading国家核证自愿减排量(CCER)China Certified Emission Reduction绿证(GEC)Green Electricity Certificate

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